Caring for the back of your eye
The retina, uvea, and vitreous form the back segment of the eye — the delicate structures responsible for capturing and processing light into the images we see.
The retina is the light-sensitive layer that converts light into neural signals, the uvea is the middle, blood-vessel-rich layer that nourishes the eye, and the vitreous is the clear gel filling the eye’s interior.
Conditions affecting these structures can develop silently and, without timely treatment, may lead to permanent vision loss — making early detection and specialised care essential.
Conditions we manage
A common complication of diabetes where high blood sugar damages the tiny blood vessels in the retina, causing them to leak, swell, or grow abnormally. It progresses in stages — from mild non-proliferative changes to severe proliferative disease — and is a leading cause of vision loss in working-age adults.
A progressive condition affecting the macula, the part of the retina responsible for sharp, central vision. AMD occurs in two forms — dry AMD (gradual thinning of retinal tissue) and wet AMD (abnormal blood vessel growth that leaks fluid) — and is a leading cause of vision loss in people over 60.
A serious, sight-threatening emergency where the retina separates from the underlying tissue that supports it. Warning signs include sudden flashes of light, a shower of new floaters, or a shadow or curtain moving across the field of vision — this requires immediate treatment.
Inflammation of the uvea, which can be caused by infection, autoimmune disease, or injury. Symptoms include eye pain, redness, blurred vision, light sensitivity, and floaters. Left untreated, uveitis can lead to complications like glaucoma, cataracts, or permanent vision loss.
Blockages in the blood vessels supplying the retina, which can cause sudden, painless vision loss and require prompt evaluation and management.
Structural changes to the macula — a hole or a wrinkling membrane — that can distort or blur central vision, often requiring surgical repair.
Age-related changes or shrinkage of the vitreous gel can cause floaters and flashes; while often harmless, a sudden increase warrants prompt evaluation to rule out retinal tears.
Signs to watch for
Diagnosis
Treatment
| Condition | Treatment options |
|---|---|
| Diabetic retinopathy | Blood sugar control, anti-VEGF injections, laser photocoagulation, vitrectomy in advanced cases |
| Wet AMD | Anti-VEGF injections to stop abnormal vessel growth and leakage |
| Dry AMD | Nutritional supplements (AREDS formula), lifestyle modification, close monitoring |
| Retinal detachment | Emergency surgery — laser, cryotherapy, pneumatic retinopexy, vitrectomy, or scleral buckle |
| Uveitis | Anti-inflammatory drops or injections, immunosuppressive therapy for underlying causes |
| Macular hole / membrane | Vitrectomy surgery to repair and restore central vision |
Many retinal conditions require ongoing monitoring even after treatment begins, since conditions like diabetic retinopathy and wet AMD are chronic and managed over time rather than cured in a single visit. Treatment plans are tailored to the specific condition, its severity, and how it’s affecting your vision, often involving a combination of injections, laser therapy, and lifestyle management.
Many retinal and uveal conditions progress silently until significant vision loss has occurred. Regular dilated eye exams — especially for people with diabetes, high blood pressure, or a family history of AMD — allow early detection when treatment is most effective at preserving vision.
Your care at Kunj Eye Hospital
Consultations are with our ophthalmologists:
OCT scans, fundus photography, fundus fluorescein angiography, indirect ophthalmoscope, B-scan ultrasound and PRP laser.
See all our facilities & equipment